The Mind (Anthakaranas) And Its Four Constituents
"So despite decades of theoretical and experimental works....We don't know how memories are made, how and in what form they are stored in the brain, ....or, the process by which they are retrieved". "The 21st Century Brain" (2005) Steven Rose.
The teachings in Agasthya Yoga, on the nature of mind, is much more scientific than the theories about mind in modern psychology. In the Yogic terminology the concept of mind is denoted by the work 'Anthakaranas' (inner instruments). Four inner instruments are desrcibed by Seers. They are Mana, Buddy, Chittha and Ahankara.
1) Mana (Superficial mind) :-Co-ordination and organisation of the perceptions received from sensory organs; and commands send to motor organs are the functions of superficial mind. In yogic science it is considered to be matter (dravya). Superficial mind is constituted by sensory area, motor area (area 4), cingulate gyrus, accessory motor area, premotor area, precental gyrus, secondary sensory area, hypo-compus, mesocortical pathways and area around calcarine sulcus. When enough ionizing radiations are available in these parts superficial mind will be in active state.
2) Buddhy (Intelligent mind) :- Capacity for discrimination and judgement is its special quality. Perceptions and informations got from outside are analyzed and judged here. These informations are compared with traces or codes of past events (memory). This process leads to perception of reality, correct judgements and decisions. Neo-cortex, wermicks area in cerebral cortex and hypo-compus can be assumed to be the seat of intelligent mind. Balanced distribution of ionizing radiations in these parts helps to achive keen intellect.
3) Chittha (Luminous mind) :- It is described that pure knowledge rises from luminous mind. Memory and thinking faculty also are attributed to this division of mind. Autonomous nervous system which activate inner organs such as heart etc and the reflexes are parts of luminous mind. Hypocompus, mammilary body, cerebral cortex, nerve centres in spinal cord, reflex arcs, medulla oblongata, mesencephalon, diencephalon and sub cortical nucleus are the seats of luminous mind. Availability of enough ionizing radiations in these parts, is necessary for smooth functioning of inner organs which has vital importance in sustaining life.
"Yoga chithavritthy nirodha"
(Pathanjali-in Yoga suthra)
"Yoga means stopping of the pulses or vibrations in luminous mind"
This is to be understood as a state of total rest of Body-Mind. Even the inner organs such as heart are kept in restful condition.
Luminous mind and memory
Memory is usually considered to to be the retrieval from the luminous mind-of past experience, events etc. These are recorded in tracks of nerve circuits (memory tracks). These memory tracks are created by the influence of new paths of ionizing radiations formed at the time of new perceptions. We remember the past events, experiences etc when ionizing radiations repeatedly pass through the tracks or paths created at the time of original events, experience etc.
4) Ahankara ( The Ego-mind)
One end in the process of knowledge, perception, experience etc is something other than 'I' and the other end is 'I'. It is 'I' who am knowing, experiencing and perceiving. This 'I' awareness is called Ahankara or ego mind in yogic science. This awareness is the product of time and space related to the individual identity. Object and mirror are equally necessary for getting an image, Like wise the world other than 'I' is reflected in the mirror 'I'.
In the gross plane, sense of identity is located at vestibular apparatus in the brain. But in subtler planes, its location changes according to the functions of body and inner instruments. (mind) . The ego mind is the presiding factor behind superficial mind and intelligent mind. Through intelligent mind, ego mind take decisions to intervene in the environment. Through superficial mind and motor organs it intervenes in the environment.
It can be understood that the four inner instruments are related holistically between each other and also with the world outside.
Communication among nerve cells
It is widely 'believed' that communication between nerve cells are mediated through electrical pulses, and that each neurons in the network 'Know' to guide the messages to the right path so that the message can reach the particular area without deviating to other areas. Both of these assumptions are incorrect. (It is electromagnetc waves and rate of ionization which are faciliating communication between neurons.) The assumption that neurons have knowledge to decide its pathway is totally unscientific and even based on idealism if one chooses to say so. All sensations, messages and commands are transmitted and spread to all parts of the network of nerves in the form of separate band of electromagnetic waves with varied rates of pulsations. The particular areas of network, such as visual (sensory) area, auditary (sensory) area etc., which are tuned to those particular bands of radiations receive, process, sense or act according to the communication. i.e. only the relevant messages are received by each area even though all messages are transmitted and spread to all parts. This phenomenon is similar to the transmission of numerous programs from different transmitting stations (Telecasting in different frequencies and wave lengths) to the whole world; and receiving only the particular program in the frequency and wave length that is tuned in the receiver at that time. It can be safely condluded that this mode of communication is not electrical but opto electronic. That is why a nerve cell can conduct many messages at the same time, similar to an optical fiber which can conduct electromagnetic waves of different frequencies, at the same time. We can hope that neurophysics as a separate discipline shall be developed in the near future itself to study these phenomena.
Five States of the Mind (Anthakaranas)
According to yogic science there are three different states of mind (inner instruments) for common people and five states of mind for accomplished yogis. They are jagrath (wakeful state), Swapna (dreamy state), Sushupthi (State of deep sleep), Thuriyavasta (fourth state) and Thuriyatheethavastha (state beyond the fouth one). Ordinary people experience only the first three states of mind.
1) Jagrath (wakeful state):-
In this state all sensory organs and motor organs are capable for their functions. The superficial mind, intelligent mind, luminous mind and ego mind are also able do their functions satisfactorily. Seers have recorded that in this state the position of vital force is at the spot between the eyebrows. It means that ionizing radiations are spread all over the brain including front lobes of brain. Sensory area and motor area are capable of receiving messages and sending commands because there will be presence of resting potentials created by ionizing radiations. In the wake full state, all of the four inner instruments operate.
2) Swapna (Dreamy State):-
It is described by Gurus that in this state sensory organs and motor organs exist in subtle form. It means that rate of availability of ionizing radiations and thus resting potentials will be low in sensory-motor areas of brain. The position of vital force in this state is described to be throat i.e. Ionizing radiations reach in full quantity only up to the upper most part of spinal cord.
Visions of dreams in this state are the result of concentration of ionizing radiations in pontine reticular formation at the surface of fourth ventricle. In this state superficial mind and ego mind operate only partially; luminous mind functions. But the intelligent mind doesn't function.
3) Sushupthi (State of deep sleep):-
According to yogic science the position of vital force, (in this state) is heart. This means that vital force reaches only upto that part and activates the autonomous nervous system and reflex areas. In this state superficial mind, intelligent mind and ego mind don't operate. In deep sleep ionizing radiations reach only up to anterior and dorsal hypothalamus, Raphe nucleus, and button in the cortex of brain. i.e. luminous mind alone operates.
4) Thuriyavastha (Fourth state)
Only yogis (through intense practice of meditation) achieve this state. Before this state all kinds of impurities and stains will have to be removed from central nervous system. It will become 'transparent' like stainless glass. One will achieve universal consciousness and become aware of the interconnectedness of every forms of existence. The position of vital force is said to be the navel, in this state. Ionizing radiations reach fully up to that level of spinal cord.
Autonomous nervous system, activating heart etc will be partially at rest. Half an hour in this state will be equal to 6 hour of deep sleep and enable one to revitalize mind and body to its full potential. In this state superficial mind, intelligent mind and ego mind don't operate; luminous mind operates partially.
(5) Thuriyatheethavastha (State beyond fourth one)
This state is achieved only by greatest of the great yogis. Even traces of impurites will be removed from the central nervous system.
It is described that vital force be totally absent even in the lowest part of spinal cord. There will be no symptoms of life. all kinds of pulsations (Vrittys) will be stopped. Mind-body will have reached the state of total rest. Even though vital radiations are totally absent, C.N.S or body will not degenerate because Body-mind shall be devoid of even the traces of impurities. By the will of the yogi, vital radiations shall again enter the bodymind and activate it to normal functioning.
NB : In this article the terms "ionizing radiation are used for microwaves and infrared rays also because these can ionize Sodium, Potassium, Calcium atoms etc in the nerves